Refereed Publications
2012
Arnault, J., Kirkwood, S., Dynamical influence of gravity waves generated by the Vestfjella Mountains in Antarctica:
radar observations, fine-scale modeling and kinetic energy budget analysis, Accepted for publication in
Tellus A,
January 2012.
2011
Angelbratt, J., J. Mellqvist, D. Simpson, J.E. Jonson, T. Blumenstock, T. Borsdorff, P. Duchatelet, F. Forster,
F. Hase, E. Mahieu, M. De Mazière, J. Notholt, A.K. Petersen, U. Raffalski, C. Servais, R. Sussmann, T. Warneke,
and C. Vigouroux, Carbon monoxide (CO) and ethane (C2H6) trends from ground-based solar FTIR measurements at six
European stations, comparison and sensitivity analysis with the EMEP model,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
11,
9253-9269, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9253-2011, 2011. [
pdf]
Dalin, P., N. Pertsev, A. Dubietis, M. Zalcik, A. Zadorozhny, M. Connors, I. Schofield, T. McEwan, I. McEachran,
S. Frandsen, O. Hansen, H. Andersen, V. Sukhodoev, V. Perminov, R. Balčiunas, V. Romejko,
A comparison between ground-based observations of noctilucent clouds and Aura satellite data,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
73, 14-15, 2097-2109,
doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2011.01.020, 2011.
[
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Dubietis, A., P. Dalin, R. Balciunas, K. Cernis, N. Pertsev, V. Sukhodoev, V. Perminov, M. Zalcik, A. Zadorozhny,
M. Connors, I. Schofield, T. McEwan, I. McEachran, S. Frandsen, O. Hansen, H. Andersen, J. Grönne, D. Melnikov,
A. Manevich, and V. Romejko, Noctilucent clouds: modern ground-based photographic observations by a digital camera network,
Applied Optics,
50, 28, pp. F72-F79, doi:10.1364/AO.50.000F72, 2011.
[
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Hoffmann, C.G., Raffalski, U., Palm, M., Funke, B., Golchert, S.H.W., Hochschild, G., and Notholt, J.,
Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite
comparison,
Atmos. Meas. Tech.,
4, 2389-2408, doi:10.5194/amt-4-2389-2011, 2011.
[
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Khosrawi, F., Urban, J., Pitts, M.C., Voelger, P., Achtert, P., Kaphlanov, M., Santee, M.L., Manney, G.L., Murtagh, D.,
and Fricke, K.-H., Denitrification and polar stratospheric cloud formation during the Arctic winter 2009/2010,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
11, 8471-8487, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8471-2011, 2011.
[
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Kohlhepp, R., Barthlott, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Kaiser, I., Raffalski, U., and Ruhnke, R.,
Trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF column abundances from ground-based FTIR measurements in Kiruna (Sweden)
in comparison with KASIMA model calculations,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
11, 4669-4677,
doi:10.5194/acp-11-4669-2011, 2011.
[
pdf]
Mihalikova, M., and Kirkwood, S., Vertical mixing in the lower troposphere by mountain waves over Arctic Scandinavia,
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.,
11, 31475-31493, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-31475-2011, 2011.
[
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Smirnova, M., E. Belova, and S. Kirkwood, Polar mesosphere summer echo strength in relation to solar variability
and geomagnetic activity during 1997-2009,
Annales Geophysicae,
29, 563-572, 2011,
doi:10.5194/angeo-29-563-2011.
[
html]
2010
Dalin, P., N. Pertsev, S. Frandsen, O. Hansen, H. Andersen, A. Dubietis, R. Balciunas,
A case study of the evolution of a Kelvin-Helmholtz wave and turbulence in noctilucent clouds,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
72, 14-15, 1129-1138, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.06.011, 2010.
[
pdf]
Dubietis, A., P. Dalin, R. Balciunas, K. Cernis, Observations of Noctilucent Clouds from Lithuania,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
72, 14-15, 1090-1099,
doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.07.004, 2010.
[
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Kirkwood, S., Mihalikova, M., Rao, T. N., and Satheesan, K., Turbulence associated with mountain waves over
Northern Scandinavia – a case study using the ESRAD VHF radar and the WRF mesoscale model,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
10, 3583-3599, doi:10.5194/acp-10-3583-2010, 2010.
[
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Kirkwood, S., Hervig, M., Belova, E., and Osepian, A., Quantitative relation between PMSE and ice mass density,
Annales Geophysicae,
28, 1333-1343, doi:10.5194/angeo-28-1333-2010, 2010.
[
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Kirkwood, S., Belova, E., Satheesan, K., Narayana Rao, T., Rajendra Prasad, T., and Satheesh Kumar, S., Fresnel scatter
revisited – comparison of 50 MHz radar and radiosondes in the Arctic, the Tropics and Antarctica,
Annales Geophysicae,
28, 1993-2005, doi:10.5194/angeo-28-1993-2010, 2010.
[
html]
Pertsev, N., and P. Dalin, Lunar semimonthly signal in cloudiness: lunar-phase or lunar-declination effect?,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
72, 713-717, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.03.013, 2010.
[
pdf]
Satheesan, K., and S. Kirkwood, Turbulence for different background conditions using fuzzy logic and clustering,
Annales Geophysicae,
28, 1475-1481, doi:10.5194/angeo-28-1475-2010, 2010.
[
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Smirnova, M., E. Belova, S. Kirkwood, N. Mitchell, Polar mesosphere summer echoes with ESRAD, Kiruna, Sweden: Variations and trends over 1997–2008,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
72, 5-6, 435-447, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.12.014, 2010.
[
html]
Valkonen, T., T. Vihma, S. Kirkwood, M. Johansson, Fine-scale model simulation of gravity waves generated by Basen nunatak in Antarctica,
Tellus,
62A, 319-332, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00443.x, 2010.
[
html]
2009
Belova, A., S. Kirkwood, and D. Murtagh, Planetary waves in ozone and temperature in the Northern Hemisphere winters of 2002/2003 and early 2005,
Annales Geophysicae,
27, 1189-1206, 2009.
[
pdf]
Lossow, S., Khaplanov, M., Gumbel, J., Stegman, J., Witt, G., Dalin, P., Kirkwood, S., Schmidlin, F. J., Fricke, K. H., and Blum, U.: Middle atmospheric water vapour and dynamics in the vicinity of the polar vortex during the Hygrosonde-2 campaign,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
9, 4407-4417, 2009.
[
pdf]
Osepian, A., S. Kirkwood, P. Dalin,
The influence of ozone concentration on the lower ionosphere – modelling and measurements during the 29-30 October 2003 solar proton event,
Annales Geophysicae,
27, 577-589, 2009.
[
pdf]
Osepian, A., S. Kirkwood, P. Dalin, and V. Tereschenko, D-region electron density and effective recombination coefficients during twilight - experimental data and modeling during solar proton events,
Annales Geophysicae,
27, 3713–3724, 2009.
[
pdf]
Virkkula, A., E. Asmi, K. Teinilä, A. Frey, M. Aurela, H. Timonen, T. Mäkelä, A. Samuli, R. Hillamo, P.P. Aalto, S. Kirkwood, M. Kulmala, Review of aerosol research in Aboa and the surroundings,
Geophysica,
45, 1-2, 163-181, 2009.
[
pdf]
2008
Belova, A., S. Kirkwood, U. Raffalski, G. Kopp, G. Hochschild, and J. Urban, Five-day planetary waves as seen by
Odin satellite and the ground-based Kiruna millimeter wave radiometer in January-March 2005,
Can. J. of Phys.,
86, 459-466, 2008.
[
html]
Belova, A., S. Kirkwood, D. Murtagh, N. Mitchell, W. Singer, and W. Hocking, Five-day planetary waves in the middle atmosphere from ODIN satellite data and ground-based instruments in Northern Hemisphere summer 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007,
Annales Geophysicae,
26, 3557–3570, 2008.
[
pdf]
Belova, E., M. Smirnova, M. T. Rietveld, B. Isham, S. Kirkwood, and T. Sergienko, First observation of the overshoot effect for polar mesosphere winter echoes during radiowave electron temperature modulation,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
35, L03110, doi:10.1029/2007GL032457, 2008.
Dalin, P.A., Yu.I. Yermolaev, G.N. Zastenker, M.O. Riazantseva, Large-scale solar wind density enhancement and its boundaries: Helios 1, 2 and IMP 8 observations,
Planetary and Space Science,
56, 3-4, 398-405, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.11.016, 2008.
[
pdf]
Dalin, P., N. Pertsev, A. Zadorozhny, M. Connors, I. Schofield, I. Shelton, M. Zalcik, T. McEwan, I. McEachran, S. Frandsen, O. Hansen, H. Andersen, V. Sukhodoev, V. Perminov, V. Romejko, Ground-based observations of noctilucent clouds with a northern hemisphere network of automatic digital cameras,
J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.,
70,
11-12, 1460-1472, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2008.04.018, 2008.
[
pdf]
Kirkwood, S., P. Dalin, A. Rechou, Noctilucent clouds observed from the UK and Denmark – trends and variations over 43 years,
Annales Geophysicae,
26, 1243-1254, 2008.
[
pdf]
Kirkwood, S., H. Nilsson, R.J. Morris, A.R. Klekociuk, D.A. Holdsworth, N.J. Mitchell, A new height for the summer mesopause – Antarctica, December 2007,
Geophysical Research Letters 35, L23810, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035915, 2008.
[
pdf]
Nilsson, H., S. Kirkwood, R. J Morris, R. Latteck, A. R. Klekociuk, D. J. Murphy, M. Zecha, and E. Belova, Simultaneous observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes at two different latitudes in Antarctica,
Annales Geophysicae,
26, 3783-3792 2008.
[
pdf]
Osepian, A., V. Tereschenko, P. Dalin, and S. Kirkwood, The role of atomic oxygen concentration in the ionization balance of the lower ionosphere during solar proton events,
Annales Geophysicae,
26, 131-143, 2008.
[
pdf]
T. Narayana Rao, J. Arvelius, and S. Kirkwood, Climatology of Tropopause Folds over a
European Arctic Station – ESRANGE,
J. Geophys. Res.,
113, D00B03, doi:10.1029/2007JD009638, 2008.
[
pdf]
2007
Belova, E., P. Dalin, and S. Kirkwood, Polar mesosphere summer echoes: a comparison of simultaneous observations at three wavelengths,
Annales Geophysicae,
25, 2487-2496, 2007.
[
pdf]
Farahani, E., H. Fast, R. L. Mittermeier, Y. Makino, K. Strong, C.
McLandress, T. G. Shepherd, M. P. Chipperfield, J. W. Hannigan, M. T. Coffey, S. Mikuteit, F. Hase, T. Blumenstock, U. Raffalski,
Nitric acid measurements at Eureka obtained in winter 2001–2002 using solar and lunar Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy: Comparisons with observations at Thule and Kiruna and with results from three-dimensional models,
J. Geophys. Res., 112, D01305, doi:10.1029/2006JD007096, 2007.
Kirkwood, S., Polar Mesosphere WINTER Echoes – a review of recent
results,
J. Adv. Space Res., 40(6), 751-757, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.024, 2007.
[
pdf]
[Full Article in ScienceDirect]
Kirkwood, S., I. Wolf, H. Nilsson, P. Dalin, D. Mikhaylova, and E. Belova, Polar mesosphere summer echoes at Wasa, Antarctica (73°S): First observations and comparison with 68°N,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
34, L15803, doi:10.1029/2007GL030516, 2007.
[Full Article in GRL]
Kopp, G., A. Belova, E. Diez y Riega V., J. Groß, G. Hochschild, P.
Hoffmann, D. Murtagh, U. Raffalski, and J. Urban, Intercomparison of
Odin-SMR ozone profiles with ground-based millimetre wave observations in the Arctic, the mid-latitudes, and the tropics,
Can. J. Phys.,
85, 1097-1110, 2007.
Steck, T., T. von Clarmann, H. Fischer, B. Funke, N. Glatthor, U.
Grabowski, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M. Milz, G. P. Stiller, D. Y. Wang, M. Allaart, Th. Blumenstock, P. von der Gathen, G. Hansen, F. Hase, G. Hochschild, G. Kopp, E. Kyrö, H. Oelhaf, U. Raffalski, A. Redondas Marrero, E. Remsberg, J. Russell III, K. Stebel, W. Steinbrecht, G. Wetzel, M. Yela, and G. Zhang, Bias determination and precision validation of ozone profiles from MIPAS-Envisat retrieved with the IMK-IAA processor,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
7, 3639-3662, 2007.
2006
Blum, U., G. Baumgarten, A. Schöch, S. Kirkwood, B. Naujokat, and K.- H. Fricke, The meteorological background situation at polar latitudes during winter 2002/2003 in the context of the MaCWAVE campaign,
Annales Geophysicae,
24, 1189-1197, 2006.
Blumenstock, T., G. Kopp, F. Hase, G. Hochschild, S. Mikuteit, U.
Raffalski, and R. Ruhnke, Observation of unusual chlorine activation by ground-based infrared and microwave spectroscopy in the late Arctic winter 2000/01,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
6, 897-905, 2006.
Dalin, P.A., N.N. Pertsev, V.A. Romejko, Significance of Lunar
Impact on Noctilucent Clouds,
Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.005,
68, 1653-1663, 2006.
Dalin, P., S. Kirkwood, H. Andersen, O. Hansen, N. Pertsev, V. Romejko, Comparison of long-term Moscow and Danish NLC observations: statistical results,
Annales Geophysicae,
24, 2841-2849, 2006.
[
pdf]
Friedrich, M., Egger, G. McKinnell, L. A., Belova, E., Perturbations in EISCAT electron densities visualised by normalization,
Advances in Space Research,
38, Issue 11, 2413-2417, DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.039.
Griesfeller, A., J. Griesfeller, F. Hase, I. Kramer, P. Loës, S.
Mikuteit, U. Raffalski, T. Blumenstock, and H. Nakajima,
Comparison of ILAS-II and ground-based FTIR measurements of O3, HNO3, N2O, and CH4 over Kiruna, Sweden,
J. Geophys. Res.,
111, D11S07, doi:10.1029/2005JD006451, 2006.
Havnes, O., C. La Hoz, A. Alyward, E. Belova, T.W. Hartquist, M.J. Kosh, G. Morfill, L.I. Naeshem, M.T. Rietveld, M. Rubin-Zuzic, F. Sigernes, Observations of the overshoot effect during the 2004 EISCAT PMSE campaign,
Advances in Space Research,
38, Issue 11, 2344-2352, DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.11.004.
Hoffmann, P., A. Serafimovich, D. Peters, P. Dalin, R. Goldberg, and R. Latteck, Inertia gravity waves in the upper troposphere during the MaCWAVE winter campaign - Part I: Observations with collocated radars,
Annales Geophysicae,
24, 2851-2862, 2006.
[
pdf]
Kirkwood, S., P. Chilson, E. Belova, P. Dalin, I. Häggström, M.
Rietveld, W. Singer, Infrasound – the cause of Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes ?,
Annales Geophysicae,
24, 475-491, 2006.
[
pdf]
Kirkwood, S., E. Belova, U. Blum, C. Croskey, P. Dalin, K.-H.
Fricke, R.A. Goldberg, J. Manninen, J.D. Mitchell, F. Schmidlin,
Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes during MaCWAVE,
Annales Geophysicae,
24, 1245-1255, 2006.
[
pdf]
Serafimovich, A., Ch. Zulicke, P. Hoffmann, D. Peters, P.Dalin, and W. Singer, Inertia gravity waves in the upper troposphere during the MaCWAVE winter campaign - Part II: Radar investigations and modelling studies,
Annales Geophysicae,
24, 2863-2875, 2006.
[
pdf]
2005
Belova, E., S. Kirkwood, J. Ekeberg, A. Osepian, I. Haggström, H. Nilsson and M. Rielveld, The dynamic background of Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes from simultaneous EISCAT and ESRAD observation,
Annales Geophysicae,
23, 1239-1247, 2005.
Kassa, M., O. Havnes and E. Belova The effect of electron bite-outs on artificial electron heating and the PMSE overshoot,
Annales Geophysicae,
23, 1-11, 2005, SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2005-23-1.
T. Narayana Rao and S. Kirkwood, Characteristics of tropopause folds over Arctic latitudes
J. Geophys. Res.,
110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005374 , 2005.
Nikulin, G., and A. Karpechko, The mean meridional circulation and midlatitude ozone buildup,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 53169-3172, 2005.
Raffalski, U., G. Hochschild, G. Kopp, and J. Urban, Evolution of
stratospheric ozone during winter 2002/2003 as observed by a ground
based millimetre wave radiometer at Kiruna, Sweden,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
5, 1399-1407, 2005.
Robinson, A.D., G. A. Millard, F. Danis, M. Guirlet, N. R. P. Harris, A. M. Lee, J. D. McIntyre, J. A. Pyle, J. Arvelius, S. Dagnesjo, S. Kirkwood, H. Nilsson, D. W. Toohey, T. Deshler, F. Goutail, J-P. Pommereau, J. W. Elkins, F. Moore, E. Ray, U. Schmidt, A. Engel, and M. Müller, Ozone loss derived from balloon-borne tracer measurements in the 1999/2000 arctic winter,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
5, 5, 1423-1436, June 2005. SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-1423.
[
pdf]
2004
Barabash, V., S. Kirkwood, A. Feofilov and A. Kutepov. Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes during July 2000 Solar Proton Event,
Ann. Geophys.,
22, 3, 759 - 771, 2004.
Dalin, P., S. Kirkwood, A. Moström, K. Stebel, P. Hoffman, W. Singer, A case study of gravity waves in noctilucent clouds,
Ann. Geophys.,
22, 1875-1884, 2004.
Friedrich, M., M. Harrich, K. M. Torkar and S. Kirkwood. The disturbed auroral ionosphere based on EISCAT and rocket data,
Adv. Space Res.,
33, 6, 949 - 955, 2004.
Hooper, D.A., J. Arvelius and K. Stebel, Retrieval of atmospheric
static stability from MST radar return signal power,
Ann. Geophys.,
22, 3781-3788, 2004. [
pdf]
Karpetchko, A., and G. Nikulin, Influence of early winter upward wave activity flux on midwinter circulation in the stratsophere and
troposphere,
J. Climate,
17, 22, 4443 - 4452, 2004. [
pdf]
T. Narayana Rao, J. Arvelius, S. Kirkwood and P. von der
Gathen. Climatology of ozone in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over the European Arctic,
Adv. Space. Res.,
34, 754-758, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.055.
Osepian, A., Kirkwood, S., Cosmic radio noise absorption bursts caused by solar wind shocks,
Ann. Geophys.,
22, 2973-2987, 2004.
[
pdf]
Schöch, A., G. Baumgarten, D. C. Fritts, P. Hoffmann, A. Serafimovich, L. Wang, P. Dalin, A. Müllemann, F. J. Schmidlin, Gravity waves in the troposphere and stratosphere during the MaCWAVE/MIDAS summer rocket program,
Geophysical Research Letters, 2004. DOI:10.1029/2004GL019837.
Stebel, K., U. Blum, K.-H. Fricke, S. Kirkwood, N. Mitchell,
A. Osepian, Joint radar/lidar observations of possible aerosol layers in the winter mesosphere
J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys.,
66, 957 - 970, 2004. [
pdf]
2003
Belova, E., P. B. Chilson, S. Kirkwood and M. T. Rietveld. The
response time of PMSE to ionospheric heating.
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D8, DOI:10.1029/2002JD002385, 2003.
Belova, E., Kirkwood S., P. B. Chilson, M.T. Rietveld, Reply to
Comment,
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D23, 4728,
doi:10.1029/2003JD004167, 2003.
Cheng, A.Y. S., U. G. Oppel, P. Voelger, M. Wengenmayer Simulation of multiple scattering in lidar measurements using pure rotational Raman scattering (PRRS),
Journal of Modern Optics,
50,
1977-1988, 2003.
Carl-Fredrik Enell, Urban Brändström, Björn Gustavsson, Sheila
Kirkwood, Kerstin Stebel, and Åke Steen, Case study of the
development of polar stratospheric clouds using bistatic imaging.
Ann. Geophys.,
21, 1869-1878, 2003.[
pdf]
Kirkwood, S., and K. Stebel, Influence of planetary waves on noctilucent cloud occurrence over NW Europe.
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D8, Citation No. 8440, DOI:10.1029/2002JD002356, 2003. [
pdf]
Kopp, G., H. Berg, Th. Blumenstock, H. Fischer, F. Hase, G. Hochschild, M. Höpfner, W. Kouker, Th. Reddmann, R. Ruhnke, U. Raffalski, Y. Kondo, Evolution of ozone and ozone related species over Kiruna during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign retrieved from ground-based millimeter wave and infrared observations,
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D5, 8308, doi:10.1029/2001JD001064, 2003.
Ogawa, T., N. F. Arnold, S. Kirkwood, N. Nishitani and M. Lester,
Finland HF and Esrange MST radar observations of polar mesosphere
summer echoes,
Annales Geophysicae,
21 1047 - 1055,
2003.
T. Narayana Rao, S. Kirkwood, J. Arvelius, P. von der Gathen and Rigel Kivi, Climatology of UTLS Ozone and the ratio of Ozone and Potential Vorticity over Northern Europe
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D22, Citation No. 4703, DOI:10.1029/2003JD003860, 2003.
Romejko, V.A., P.A. Dalin, N.N. Pertsev, Forty years of Noctilucent
Clouds observations near Moscow: database and simple statistics,
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D8, 8443, doi:
10.1029/2002JD002364, 2003.
2002
Barabash, V., S. Kirkwood, P. Chilson, Are variations in PMSE
intensity affected by energetic particle precipitation?
Ann. Geophys. 20, 539-545, 2002. [
pdf]
Chilson, P.B., T.-Y. Yu, R.D. Palmer, S. Kirkwood, Aspect sensitivity measurements of polar mesosphere summer echoes using coherent radar imaging,
Ann. Geophys. 20, 213-233, 2002. [
pdf]
Friedrich, M., M. Posch, S. Kirkwood, K. Stebel, and K. Torkar, A
novel, high-resolution temperature sensor for balloon applications,
Adv. Space Res., 30, 5, 1365-1369, 2002.
Friedrich, M., K. Torkar, M. Harrich, R. Pilgrim, and S. Kirkwood, On merging empirical models of auroral and non-auroral latitudes,
Adv. Space Res.,
29, 6, 929-935, 2002.
Kirkwood, S., V. Barabash, E. Belova, H. Nilsson, N. Rao, K. Stebel,
A. Osepian, P. B. Chilson, Polar mesosphere winter echoes during
solar proton events,
Advances in Polar Upper Atmosphere
Research, 16, 111-125, July 2002. [
pdf]
Kirkwood, S. V. Barabash, B. U. E. Brändström,
A. Moström, K. Stebel, N. Mitchell and W. Hocking, Noctilucent
Clouds, PMSE and 5-day Planetary Waves : a Case Study,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
29, 10, DOI 10.1029/2001GL014022,
2002 [
pdf]
Lait, L.R., M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, T. McGee, J. Burris,
E. V. Browell, E. Richard, G. O. Braathen, B. R. Bojkov, F. Goutail,
P. von der Gathen, E. Kyro, G. Vaughan, H. Kelde, S. Kirkwood,
P. Woods, V. Dorokhov, I. Zaitcev, Z. Litynska, A. Benesova,
P. Skrivankova, H. De Backe, J. Davies, T. Jorgensen, and
I. S. Mikkelsen, Ozone Loss from Quasi-Conservative Coordinate Mapping during the 1999--2000 SOLVE Campaigns,
J. Geophys. Res.,
107 D20 DOI 10.1029/2001JD000998, 2002.
Rolf Müller, Simone Tilmes, Jens-Uwe Groß Daniel S. McKenna,
Melanie Müller, Ulrich Schmidt, Geoffrey C. Toon, Robert
A. Stachnik, James J. Margitan, James W. Elkins, Johan Arvelius, and James M. Russel III. Chlorine activation and chemical ozone loss
deduced from haloe and balloon measurments in the arctic during the
winter of 1999-2000.
J. Geophys. Res.,
108, D5, DOI
10.1029/2001JD001423, Nov. 2002.
Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, D. W. Arlander, Heinrich Bovensmann, John P.
Burrows, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Carl-Fredrik Enell, Udo Frieß,
Francois Hendrick, Paul V. Johnston, R. L. Jones, Karin Kreher,
Norhaslinda Mohamed-Tahrin, R. M Pommereau, Irene Pundt, Andreas
Richter, Alex M. South, Kjersti K. Tørnkvist, Michel van
Roozendael, Thomas Wagner, and Folkard Wittrock. Comparison of
measurements and model calculations of stratospheric bromine monoxide,
J. Geophys. Res.,
107, D19, DOI:10.1029/2001JD000940, Oct 2002.
2001
Belova, E., P.B. Chilson, M. Rapp, and S. Kirkwood, Electron
temperature dependence of PMSE power: Experimental and modelling
results,
Advances in Space Research,
28, 7, 1077-1082,
2001.
Belova, E., S. Kirkwood, and H. Tammet, H, The effect of magnetic substorms on near-ground atmospheric current,
Annales Geophysicae,
18, 1623-1629, 2001.
Chilson, P. B., S. Kirkwood, and I. Häggström, Frequency domain interferometry mode observations of PMSE using the EISCAT VHF radar,
Annales Geophysicae,
18, 1599-1612, 2001.
Chilson, P. B., R. D. Palmer, A. Muschinski, D. A. Hooper, G. Schmidt, and H. Steinhagen, SOMARE-99: A demonstrational field campaign for ultrahigh-resolution VHF atmospheric profiling using
frequency diversity,
Radio Sci.,
36, 4, 695-707,
2001.
Kirkwood, S., and A. Osepian, Pitch-angle diffusion coefficients and
fluxes of energetic electron in different local-time sectors of the
magnetosphere,
J. Geophys. Res.,
106, A4, 5565-5578, 2001.
Kirkwood, S., A. Osepian and N. Smirnova, Quantitative description of electron precipitation during auroral absorption events in the
morning/noon local-time sector,
J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys.,
63, 1907-1921, 2001.
Muschinski, A., P.B. Chilson, R.D. Palmer, D.A. Hooper, G. Schmidt,
and H. Steinhagen, SOMARE-99: Boundary-layer convection and diurnal
variation of vertical-velocity characteristics in the free
troposphere,
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological
Society,
127, 572, 423-443, 2001.
Nikulin, G. N., and R. P. Repinskaya, Modulation of total ozone anomalies in the midlatitude northern hemisphere by the arctic oscillation,
Izvestiya, Atm. Oceanic Phys.,
37, 5, 633-643, 2001.
Osepian, A., S. Kirkwood, and N. Smirnova, Variations of electron density and energetic spectra of the precipitating electrons during auroral substorms by incoherent scatter data,
Cosmic Res.,
39, 3, 311-315, 2001.
Palmer, R. D., P. B. Chilson, A. Muschinski, G. Schmidt, T-Y. Yu, and H. Steinhagen, SOMARE-99: Observations of tropospheric scattering layers using range imaging,
Radio Science,
36, 4, 681-693, 2001.
Yu, T.-Y., R. D. Palmer, P. B. Chilson, An investigation of scattering mechanisms and dynamics in PMSE using coherent radar imaging,
J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys.,
63, 1797-1810, 2001.
2000
Belova, E., S.Kirkwood and H.Tammet, The effect of magnetic substorms on near-ground atmospheric current,
Ann. Geophys.,
18, N12, 2000.
Chilson, P.B., S. Kirkwood, and I. Häggström, Frequency domain
interferometry mode observations of PMSE using the EISCAT VHF radar,
Ann. Geophys.,
18, 1599-1612, 2000.
Chilson, P.B., E. Belova, M.T. Rietveld, S. Kirkwood and U.-P. Hoppe, First artificially induced modulation of PMSE using the EISCAT heating facility,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
27, 3801-3804, 2000.
Enell, C.-F., B. Gustavsson, Å. Steen, U. Brändström and P. Rydesäter, Multistatic imaging and optical modelling of nacreous clouds,
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,
25, 4-5, 2000.
Friedrich, M.and S. Kirkwood, The D-region background at high
latitudes,
Adv. Space. Sci,
25(1), 15-23, 2000.
Osepian, A.and S. Kirkwood, Pitch-angle diffusion coefficients and
energetic electron precipitation during auroral absorption events.
Cosmic Research, in press, 2000.
Osepian, A. P., N.V. Smirnova, and S. Kirkwood, Precipitation of
energetic electrons into the high-latitude ionosphere in the morning
local time sectors,
Cosmic Research,
38, 33-37,
2000.
Kirkwood, S., and H. Nilsson, High-latitude sporadic-E and other thin layers - the role of magnetospheric electric fields,
Space Science Reviews,
91 (3/4), 579-613, 2000.
Kirkwood, S., Upper Atmosphere Physics and Chemistry,
The Arctic: A guide to research in the natural and social sciences,
eds. M. Nuttall, T.V. Callaghan, Harwood Ac. Publ, Reading, ISBN
90-5823-087-2, 2000.
Roldugin, V.C., S. Kirkwood, Yu.P. Maltsev, and A.A. Galakhov, EISCAT radar reflection from the vicinity of a noctilucent cloud,
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth B,
25 (5-6), 507-509, 2000.
Stebel, K., V. Barabash, S. Kirkwood, J. Siebert and K.-H. Fricke,
Polar mesosphere summer echoes and noctilucent clouds: Simultaneous
and common-volume observations by radar, lidar and CCD camera,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
27, 661-664, 2000.
1999
Chilson, P. B., S. Kirkwood, and A. Nilsson, The Esrange MST radar: A brief introduction and procedure for range validation using balloons,
Radio Science,
34, 427-436, 1999.
Enell, C.-F., Å. Steen, T. Wagner, U. Friess, K. Pfeilsticker,
U. Platt, and K.-H. Fricke, Occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds
at Kiruna,
Ann. Geophys.,
17, 1457-1462, 1999.
Hooper, D. A., Signal and noise level estimation for narrow spectral
width returns observed by the Indian MST radar,
Radio Science,
34, 859-970, 1999.
Osepian, A. P., N. V. Smirnova, and S. Kirkwood, Diurnal and seasonal variations of the energy spectrum of precipitating electrons derived from electron concentration measurement data obtained by the method of
incoherent scattering of radio waves,
Cosmic Research,
37, 326-333, No. 4, 1999.
Palmer, R. D., T.-Y. Yu, and P. B. Chilson, Range imaging using
frequency diversity,
Radio Science,
34, 1485-1496,
1999.
Muschinski, A., P. B. Chilson, S. Kern, J. Nielinger, G. Schmidt, and T. Prenosil, First frequency-domain interferometry observations of large-scale vertical motion in the atmosphere,
J. Atmospheric
Sciences,
56, 1248-1258, 1999.
Réchou, A., V. Barabash, P. B. Chilson, S. Kirkwood, T. Savitskaia,
and K. Stebel, Mountain wave motions determined by the Esrange MST
radar,
Ann. Geophys.,
17, 957-970, 1999.
1998
Barabash,V., P. B. Chilson, S. Kirkwood, A. Réchou, and K. Stebel,
Investigations of the possible relationship between PMSE and tides
using a VHF MST radar,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
25,
3297-3300, 1998.
Kirkwood, S., V. Barabash, P. B. Chilson, A. Réchou, K. Stebel,
P. Espy, G. Witt, and J. Stegman, The 1997 PMSE season - its relation
to wind, temperature and water vapour,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
25, 1867-1870, 1998.
Kirkwood, S.and A. Réchou, Planetary-wave modulation of PMSE,
Geophys. Res. Lett,
25, 4509-4512, 1998.
Nilsson, H., S. Kirkwood, and T. Moretto, Incoherent scatter radar
observations of the cusp acceleration region and cusp field-aligned
currents,
J. Geophys. Res.,
103, 26721-26730, 1998.
Raffalski, U., U. Klein, B. Franke, J. Langer, B.-M. Sinnhuber,
J. Trentmann, K.F. Künzi, and O. Schrems, Groundbased millimeter-wave
observatios of Arctic chlorine activation during winter and spring
1996/97,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
25, 331-3334, 1998.
Sinnhuber, B-M., J. Langer, U. Klein, U. Raffalski, and K. Künzi,
Ground based millimeter-wave observations of Arctic ozone depletion
during winter and spring of 1996/97,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
25, 3327-3330, 1998.
Stebel, K., R. Neuber. G. Beyerle, J. Biele,
I. Beninga. P. Scheuch. H.Schütt, P. von der Gathen, and O. Schrems,
Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds in the Arctic
Spitzbergen,
Atmospheric ozone, Proceedings of the XVIII
Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, L'Aquila, Italy,
edt. R.D. Bojkov. G. Visconti, 607-610, 1998.
1997
Kirkwood, S., Thin ion layers in the high-latitude lower ionosphere,
Adv. Space. Res.,
19, (1)149-(1)158, 1997.
Nilsson, H., S. Kirkwood, J. Lilensten, and M. Galand, Enhanced
Incoherent Scatter Plasma lines,
Ann. Geophys.,
14,
1462-1472, 1997.
Notholt, J., G. Toon, F. Stordal, S. Solberg, N. Schmidbauer,
E. Becker, A. Meier, and B. Sen, Seasonal variations of atmospheric
trace gases in the high arctic at 79degr N,
J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 12,855-12,861, 1997.
1996
Blix, T.A., E.V. Thrane, S. Kirkwood, and R.N.Sudan, Experimental
evidence for unstable waves in the lower E/upper D-region excited near
the bisector between the electric field and the drift velocity,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
23, 2137-2140, 1996.
Kirkwood, S., Lower thermosphere mean temperatures, densities and
winds measured by EISCAT: seasonal and solar-cycle effects,
J. Geophys. Res.,
101, 5133-5148, 1996.
Kirkwood, S., U. von Zahn, and K.H. Fricke, EISCAT and ALOMAR :
Potential for cooperative science,
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.,
58, 337-348, 1996.
Nilsson, H., S. Kirkwood, and N. Björnå, Bistatic measurements of
incoherent-scatter plasma lines,
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.,
58, 175-188, 1996.
Olsson, A, M.A.L. Persson, H.J. Opgenoorth, and S. Kirkwood, Particle
precipitation in auroral break-ups and westward traveling surges,
J. Bj. Res.,
101, 24661-24673, 1996.
Osepian, A., and S. Kirkwood, High-energy electron fluxes derived from
EISCAT electron-density profiles,
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.,
58, 479-488, 1996.
Osepian, A., S. Kirkwood, and N. Smirnova, Energetic electron
precipitation during auroral events observed by incoherent scatter
radar,
Adv. Space Res.,
17, (11)149-(11)155, 1996.
